GOND
of bihar
Numerically the most dominant tribe of india, their homeland extends from the Satpura range down to the Godavari, from uttar Pradesh (gonad district) and north Bihar to Andhra Pradesh, and from Maharashtra to Orissa. They have lent their name to Gondwana, a historical region which gained prominence during the medieval period. The Gonds established their political power, founded states and exercised influence far and wide. There were as many as four separate Gond kingdoms in the Gondwana region, mentioned in the medieval accounts, which was bounded in the north by panna districts, by Ratanpur in Bailashpur district in the east and by the Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh in the west, while southwards it spread towards the Deccan in Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh . These Gond kingdoms were located in the northern, central and southern parts . The southern and northern had independent kingdoms each, with their capitals at Deogarh near Nagpur and at Kherla (Betul). According to The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act 1976 the gonds have more than fifty groups in Maharashtra, namely Arkh, Arrajgm Agaruam Asyrm Badi, Bada Maria, Bhatola, Bhimma, Bhuta, Koilab-huta, Koilab-huta, Koilabhuti, Bhar, Bisonhorn Maria, Chota Maria, Dandami Maria, Dhuru, Dhurwa, Dhoba, Dhulia, Dorla, Gaiki, Gatta, Gaita, Gond Gowari, Hill Maria, Kandra, Kalanga, Khatola, Koitar, Koya,
Khirwar, Khirwara, Kucha Maria, Kuchaki Maria, Madia, Maria, Manneewar, mOghya, mogia, Monghya, Mudia, Muria, Nagarchi, Naikpod, Nagwan-shi, Ojha, Raj, Sonjhari, Jhareka, Thatia, Thotya, Wade Maria and Vade Maria. An equal number of groups is recorded among the Gonds of Madhya Pradesh. Bihar, the eastern most habitat of the Gond, accounts for 96,574 individuals, most of whom (87.75 per cent) live in rural areas. In Bihar, the Gond are confined to the western part of the western part of the Chotanagpur plateau which encompasses the districts of Gumla and Singhbhum. Their mother tongue is Sadri, they are conversant with Hindi and they use the Devanagari script. There are three divisions, namely the Raj Gond (ruling section), the Dhur Gond (peasants) and the Kemia (labour class) among them. Cross-cousin marriage, known as dudh lautans, is prevalent. The system of bride price (demduni) exists. The marriage rituals include choutela, maroa, sadhi, chumayen, etc. They cremate the dead. The drinking of rice beer (haria) is common. Agriculture is their mainstay coupled with hunting and food gathering.
- Sanjeev kumar(research scholar,Department of history) patna university.
of bihar
Numerically the most dominant tribe of india, their homeland extends from the Satpura range down to the Godavari, from uttar Pradesh (gonad district) and north Bihar to Andhra Pradesh, and from Maharashtra to Orissa. They have lent their name to Gondwana, a historical region which gained prominence during the medieval period. The Gonds established their political power, founded states and exercised influence far and wide. There were as many as four separate Gond kingdoms in the Gondwana region, mentioned in the medieval accounts, which was bounded in the north by panna districts, by Ratanpur in Bailashpur district in the east and by the Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh in the west, while southwards it spread towards the Deccan in Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh . These Gond kingdoms were located in the northern, central and southern parts . The southern and northern had independent kingdoms each, with their capitals at Deogarh near Nagpur and at Kherla (Betul). According to The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act 1976 the gonds have more than fifty groups in Maharashtra, namely Arkh, Arrajgm Agaruam Asyrm Badi, Bada Maria, Bhatola, Bhimma, Bhuta, Koilab-huta, Koilab-huta, Koilabhuti, Bhar, Bisonhorn Maria, Chota Maria, Dandami Maria, Dhuru, Dhurwa, Dhoba, Dhulia, Dorla, Gaiki, Gatta, Gaita, Gond Gowari, Hill Maria, Kandra, Kalanga, Khatola, Koitar, Koya,
Khirwar, Khirwara, Kucha Maria, Kuchaki Maria, Madia, Maria, Manneewar, mOghya, mogia, Monghya, Mudia, Muria, Nagarchi, Naikpod, Nagwan-shi, Ojha, Raj, Sonjhari, Jhareka, Thatia, Thotya, Wade Maria and Vade Maria. An equal number of groups is recorded among the Gonds of Madhya Pradesh. Bihar, the eastern most habitat of the Gond, accounts for 96,574 individuals, most of whom (87.75 per cent) live in rural areas. In Bihar, the Gond are confined to the western part of the western part of the Chotanagpur plateau which encompasses the districts of Gumla and Singhbhum. Their mother tongue is Sadri, they are conversant with Hindi and they use the Devanagari script. There are three divisions, namely the Raj Gond (ruling section), the Dhur Gond (peasants) and the Kemia (labour class) among them. Cross-cousin marriage, known as dudh lautans, is prevalent. The system of bride price (demduni) exists. The marriage rituals include choutela, maroa, sadhi, chumayen, etc. They cremate the dead. The drinking of rice beer (haria) is common. Agriculture is their mainstay coupled with hunting and food gathering.
- Sanjeev kumar(research scholar,Department of history) patna university.
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